Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, was the only president ever to serve two non-consecutive terms. [172] While they lived in New York, the Clevelands' first child, Ruth, was born in 1891. Other suggestions included ameloblastoma[243] or a benign salivary mixed tumor (also known as a pleomorphic adenoma). The income tax component of the Wilson-Gorman Act was partially ruled unconstitutional in 1895. [194] Depletion of the Treasury's gold reserves continued, at a lesser rate, and subsequent bond issues replenished supplies of gold. A bestselling historian and political commentator reconsiders McKinley's overshadowed legacy By any serious measurement, bestselling historian Kevin Phillips argues, William McKinley was a major American president. [43], After his term as sheriff ended, Cleveland returned to his law practice, opening a firm with his friends Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. [96] Blaine hoped that he would have more support from Irish Americans than Republicans typically did; while the Irish were mainly a Democratic constituency in the 19th century, Blaine's mother was Irish Catholic, and he had been supportive of the Irish National Land League while he was Secretary of State. The Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act was introduced by West Virginian Representative William L. Wilson in December 1893. 1 Comment. Cleveland succeeded in ushering in the 1894 repeal of this law (ch. Although Cleveland County is the eighth smallest Oklahoma county in area, it has the third largest population and 2 of the state's 9 largest cities, Norman and Moore. Contrasting sharply with the humble beginnings portrayed in these rooms. He was the first Democratic president elected after the Civil War and the only person ever to be elected to non-consecutive terms in office. When she returned to school, President Cleveland received her mother's permission to correspond with her, and they were soon engaged to be married. [230][231] In 1895–96 Secretary of the Navy Hilary A. Herbert, having recently adopted the aggressive naval strategy advocated by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, successfully proposed ordering five battleships (the Kearsarge and Illinois classes) and sixteen torpedo boats. A star was added to the American flag to reflect the addition of the new state. A bachelor when he was elected to his first term, he became the first president to be married in the White House . [b] He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (followed by Woodrow Wilson in 1912) to be elected president during the era of Republican presidential domination dating from 1861 to 1933. This article was originally published in 2007; updated in September 2019. Cleveland and his wife decided to move to Princeton even before the end of his second term. [72] Tammany, under its boss, John Kelly, had disapproved of Cleveland's nomination as governor, and their resistance intensified after Cleveland openly opposed and prevented the re-election of Thomas F. Grady, their point man in the State Senate. [173], The Harrison administration worked with Congress to pass the McKinley Tariff, an aggressively protectionist measure, and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which increased money backed by silver;[174] these were among policies Cleveland deplored as dangerous to the nation's financial health. As a reformer, Cleveland had such prestige that the like-minded wing of the Republican Party, called "Mugwumps", largely bolted the GOP presidential ticket and swung to his support in the 1884 election. Addresses, State Papers And Letters Grover Cleveland, Hope Minute|Susan And Rob Cottrell, Industrial Gases|Geoffery Martin, Caen S'amuse -Revue En 5 Actes|A. "This book is a scholarly introduction for the general reader on the most important political actors and documents of the American revolutionary era that shaped Abraham Lincoln's politics"-- [31] In 1868, Cleveland attracted professional attention for his winning defense of a libel suit against the editor of Buffalo's Commercial Advertiser. "The Grover Cleveland birthplace is one of only 17 authentic homes that a president was born in over the years," Picone, a member of the Grover Cleveland Birthplace Memorial Association, said in . About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. 36). [246] Hornblower, the head of a New York City law firm, was thought to be a qualified appointee, but his campaign against a New York machine politician had made Senator David B. Hill his enemy. [220] Liliuokalani initially refused to grant amnesty as a condition of her reinstatement, saying that she would either execute or banish the current government in Honolulu, but Dole's government refused to yield their position. [12] Cleveland was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named. Cleveland declined, and in 1855 he decided to move west. For Sale: 929000 - Residential, 5 bed, 7 bath, 5,737 sqft at 301 Cleveland Avenue in Grover. Cleveland was a committed non-interventionist who had campaigned in opposition to expansion and imperialism. In office, he vetoed a proposal to give pensions to veterans for disabilities not caused by military service, a proposal backed by the Grand Army of the Republic, an influential veterans group. Because Cleveland served terms both before and after Congress eliminated the circuit courts in favor of the Courts of Appeals, he is one of only two presidents to have appointed judges to both bodies. "[85] Reform-minded Republicans called "Mugwumps" denounced Blaine as corrupt and flocked to Cleveland. [235], Cleveland decided to have surgery secretly, to avoid further panic that might worsen the financial depression. [221] In his message to Congress, Cleveland rejected the idea of annexation and encouraged the Congress to continue the American tradition of non-intervention (see excerpt at right). [9] His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. [18] Despite his father's dedication to his missionary work, his income was insufficient for the large family. [208] This group, known as Coxey's Army, agitated in favor of a national roads program to give jobs to workingmen, and a weakened currency to help farmers pay their debts. The home has been designated a National Historic Landmark. In 1855, Grover Cleveland moved to Buffalo, where he found work as copyist and clerk in a law firm. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 - June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, the fifth of nine children born to Ann Neal and Richard Falley Cleveland, a Presbyterian minister. On his mother's side, Cleveland was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and German Quakers from Philadelphia. The friendliness and charity of our countrymen can always be relied upon to relieve their fellow-citizens in misfortune. Cleveland objected to the act in principle and his steadfast refusal to abide by it prompted its fall into disfavor and led to its ultimate repeal in 1887.[110]. In due course, roughly fifty thousand acres in Custer County were set aside for the State Forest and Game Preserve in 1913. He sold Oak View upon losing his bid for re-election in 1888. Because he was unable to end it, President Cleveland became the scapegoat for the prolonged depression. The two-story façade is five bays wide, with five windows on the second floor and two windows on either side of a central doorway on the first. [185] Harrison did not personally campaign at all. [79], Cleveland, too, had detractors—Tammany remained opposed to him—but the nature of his enemies made him still more friends. Winter 1994, Vol. Biography of Grover Cleveland by The Editors of Encyclopedia Brittanica. His father was a pastor in the church down the street and Grover was born in 1837 in this house, The church and adjoining cemetery has many old tombstones and is worth a look, as well. If national honesty is to be disregarded and a desire for territorial expansion or dissatisfaction with a form of government not our own ought to regulate our conduct, I have entirely misapprehended the mission and character of our government and the behavior which the conscience of the people demands of their public servants. He was also the first Democratic president since the Civil War. Ha! [148], Although Cleveland had condemned the "outrages" against Chinese immigrants, he believed that Chinese immigrants were unwilling to assimilate into white society. Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. The first floor of the addition no longer serves as a billiard room. Ha! [42] In spite of reservations about the hanging, Cleveland executed Morrissey himself. [112] When Congress, pressured by the Grand Army of the Republic, passed a bill granting pensions for disabilities not caused by military service, Cleveland also vetoed that. Cleveland defeated Harrison, thus becoming the only person in US history to be elected to a second, non-consecutive presidential term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote, "[I]n Grover Cleveland, the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He agreed and won the Democratic nomination and the election. Grover Cleveland married a girl, Frances Folsom, aged 20, who was 28 years younger, while he was president, even though he was administrator of her father's estate. "[94], The electoral votes of closely contested New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Connecticut would determine the election. Keen, stated after Cleveland's death that the tumor was a carcinoma. "[151] He encouraged the idea of cultural assimilation, pushing for the passage of the Dawes Act, which provided for the distribution of Indian lands to individual members of tribes, rather than having them continued to be held in trust for the tribes by the federal government. Cleveland soon added a two-story, flat-roofed wing containing a room for billiards (his favorite hobby) on the first floor and bedrooms on the second. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not. Bissell. Former New York Governor Grover Cleveland is sworn in and takes office as the twenty-second President of the United States. [36] He had a decided aversion to Republicans John Fremont and Abraham Lincoln, and the heads of the Rogers law firm were solid Democrats. Cleveland's factional enemies gained control of the Democratic Party in state after state, including full control in Illinois and Michigan, and made major gains in Ohio, Indiana, Iowa and other states. Grover: A State-of-the-Art Defense against Neural Fake News (NeurIPS 2019) . Ohio leads the way with seven presidents: William Henry Harrison, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, William McKinley . He strongly supported the Civil Service Commission against the claims of Democratic office seekers. [228] But by standing with a Latin American nation against the encroachment of a colonial power, Cleveland improved relations with the United States' southern neighbors, and at the same time, the cordial manner in which the negotiations were conducted also made for good relations with Britain. In 1886 at the age of 49, he married Frances Folsom in the White House. [246] The Senate rejected Hornblower's nomination on January 15, 1894, by a vote of 30 to 24. [125] While it had not been a central point in his campaign, Cleveland's opinion on the tariff was that of most Democrats: that the tariff ought to be reduced. Cleveland is the only president in American history to serve two nonconsecutive terms in office. Cleveland Birthplace, State Historic Site, NJ. Cleveland State Bottom of 4th Inning. Previous. Norske Militærgeværer etter 1867. [15] Neighbors later described him as "full of fun and inclined to play pranks,"[16] and fond of outdoor sports. The Board and the program are usually called the Endicott Board and the Endicott Program. Following Caroline Harrison's death on October 25, two weeks before the national election, Cleveland and all of the other candidates stopped campaigning, thus making Election Day a somber and quiet event for the whole country as well as the candidates. 26, No. [75], The Republicans convened in Chicago and nominated former Speaker of the House James G. Blaine of Maine for president on the fourth ballot. "[34] He shunned the circles of higher society of Buffalo in which his uncle's family traveled. The younger Cleveland was said to have learned about his father's death from a boy selling newspapers. [201] The Sugar Trust in particular lobbied for changes that favored it at the expense of the consumer. His reputation for honesty carried him rapidly from governor of New York (1883) to president (1885). Cleveland also had to deal with serious conflicts between labor and industry, triggered by growing unemployment, falling wages, and long working hours. On July 21 the presidential campaign was jolted by news of a sex scandal involving Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland. [187] The Tammany Hall Democrats adhered to the national ticket, allowing a united Democratic party to carry New York. [22], He stopped first in Buffalo, New York, where his uncle, Lewis F. Allen, gave him a clerical job. Related Documents. [103] Later in his term, as his fellow Democrats chafed at being excluded from the spoils, Cleveland began to replace more of the partisan Republican officeholders with Democrats;[104] this was especially the case with policymaking positions. Meryl. [197] After lengthy debate, the bill passed the House by a considerable margin. The result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System and the Progressive Era.[4]. [82], Corruption in politics was the central issue in 1884; Blaine had over the span of his career been involved in several questionable deals. '"[90], Regarding Cleveland, commentator Jeff Jacoby notes that, "Not since George Washington had a candidate for President been so renowned for his rectitude. The Grover Cleveland Home, which is privately owned and not open to the public, is located in Princeton, NJ. [137][138] The adoption of the Krag–Jørgensen rifle, the US Army's first bolt-action repeating rifle, was finalized. [37] In 1865, he ran for District Attorney, losing narrowly to his friend and roommate, Lyman K. Bass, the Republican nominee. Dates In Office: March 04, 1885 to March . [147] His decision to replace Douglass with a black man was met with outrage, but Cleveland claimed to have known Matthews personally. Cleveland nominated 41 lower federal court judges in addition to his four Supreme Court justices. Whitney. [247] Reformers urged Cleveland to continue the fight against Hill and to nominate Frederic R. Coudert, but Cleveland acquiesced in an inoffensive choice, that of Senator Edward Douglass White of Louisiana, whose nomination was accepted unanimously. [99], After the votes were counted, Cleveland narrowly won all four of the swing states, including New York by 1200 votes. [167] A letter from the British ambassador supporting Cleveland caused a scandal that cost Cleveland votes in New York. Weaver promised Free Silver, generous veterans' pensions, and an eight-hour work day. 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