The objective is the spot a company which has an a Good investable PEG ratio for Emerging Markets . You can use the Sortino ratio calculator below to quickly measure your investment asset or portfolio’s risk-adjusted return by … Found insideFrequently used equity multiples include P/E, P/BV, and the PEG ratio. As investment bankers, we typically will calculate both types. The PEG ratio is calculated as the PE Ratio / TTM Earnings Growth Rate. How to Calculate the Payback Period in Excel. It's almost as simple as the PEG ratio, and much more accurate. read more to incorporate growth during valuations. Multiply the result by 100 to calculate the EPS growth rate as a percentage. Earnings. PEG ratio formula is defined as Price earnings to growth Ratio = P / I … Surprisingly, there's no simple formula for doing it. Figure EPS by subtracting preferred stock dividends from after-tax net income and dividing the result by the number of shares of outstanding common stock. P/E Ratio is calculated using the formula given below, P/E Ratio = Price Per share / Earning Per Share, Since the P/E ratio is high, this stock will be considered as an expensive stock. Formula: PEG Ratio = Price per Earnings / Annual EPS Growth. PEG helps investors decide if a growing company with an increasing EPS is fairly priced. The main purpose of the PEG ratio, as discussed above, is to determine whether a stock price is over or undervalued based on the growth of the business. a stock's price-to-earnings(P/E) ratio divided by the growth rate of its earnings for a specified time period. Found insideBut because many people aren’t ready to go from mutual funds directly into trading without understanding investing—for the long term – he created Payback Time. Divide to find the quick ratio. 1. EPS is a company’s net earnings divided by the number of shares outstanding. Below is the extract of their financial statements to calculate the PEG Ratio. The PEG ratio formula calculation is simply done by using the following four steps: Firstly, determine the current price of the company stock from the stock market. Next, determine the net income of the company from the income statement. ... Next, divide the current stock price of the company by its earnings per share to calculate the P/E ratio. ... More items... Here's what the formula looks like... PEG ratio = P/E ratio (which is the current stock price divided by earnings per share) / Earnings growth rate. Read full definition. On the other hand, if the ratio is less than one, it would mean that the stock is undervalued as the growth expectations are very less. Despite the drawback that it does not consider risk, the PEG is often reported by analysts. The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a key component of the PEG ratio. 10,668. List of files selected for download. Example of PEG Estimation. Read full definition. If dividends are significant, add the Dividend Yield to the growth rate (when calculating the PEG ratio). However, the P/E ratio does not take into effect the rate of growth at which the earnings of the company are expected to increase in the future. So if we only consider P/E parameter, Cognizant will be categorized as overvalued than IBM. Data courtesy of Robert Shiller … To figure out this ratio, you'll have to do a bit of quick math. Found insideData for these methods is easily found and the calculations are simple. ... a price ratio function, The functions work within and Excel for Windows and are ... captures the relationship between growth and the P/E ratio. Below we discuss the PEG ratio formula, an example in Excel as well as the drawbacks of the PEG ratio. The table below calculates the ratio of a company. The use of PEG ratio will help you look at future earnings growth of the company. * The 5-Year EBITDA Growth Rate is the 5-year average EBITDA per share growth rate. Found inside – Page 466First , the formula for calculating PEG . The PEG is calculated by dividing the PE by the forecasted EPS growth . Thus , PEG = PE / EPS growth This ratio is ... By calculating EPS growth rates over a period of 6 years, you develop a more insightful understanding of a company’s long term earnings per … A stock having a higher P/E Ratio is said to be overvalued considering the earnings expected to be derived in the future from the stock. ... Enterprise Value vs Equity Value Excel Calculator. A company which is not doing well can have a high stock price because investors are creating false demand and pushing the price up. To use the GCD Function, you may need to enable the Data Analysis Toolpak. It organizes a company’s historical financial data to help investors identify the characteristics of quality growth companies and enable plotting of potential future growth from historical trends. Financial management. 'This delivers the essential concepts of modern finance clearly and concisely. My advice: buy this book and keep it close at hand! Calculate the P/E by taking a stock's current share price and dividing it by its earnings per share (EPS). ), you can do using division, the GCD function, and concatenation. PE Ratios ¨ To understand the fundamentals, start with a basic equity discounted cash flow model. This way, it is easier to audit the spreadsheet and fix issues. ROE Calculator With DuPont Analysis Excel Template We have created a ready-to-use ROE Calculator with DuPont Analysis which helps you to calculate ROE and perform DuPont Analysis in just minutes by entering a few amounts. Using the ":" or "/" to separate. As I said, there is no single function in excel to calculate the ratio for you. Each ratio has its own significance and it is important to look at all the relevant ratio while analyzing the performance of the company. At low levels of P/E the required PEG ratio should be low. In other words, it tells us is it worth investing in a stock irrespective of what price it is trading right now. Sum of perpetuities method. PEG ratios are more flexible than other ratios in that they allow the expected level of growth to vary across companies, making it easier to make comparisons between companies in different stages of their life cycles. (The "details" screen lets you alter an individual year's earnings if you wish. Since the ratio is based on estimations, it is subjected to the possibility of major deviations from the actual results. Net Profit calculator - calculate a firm's net profit. This formula can help to find stocks that are priced below their value (or avoid stocks that are priced too high for their value). How to calculate P/E, PEG ratio. Found insideThis readable text provides the practical advice students and practitioners need rather than a sole concentration on debate theory, assumptions, or models. You can try the below formulas to calculate ratio in Excel. The result so derived indicates the amount that the investors are ready to pay to earn one dollar of the company’s earnings. How to Calculate the PEG Ratio. To calculate the PEG ratio, an investor or analyst needs to either look up or calculate the P/E ratio of the company in question. The P/E ratio is calculated as the price per share of the company divided by the earnings per share (EPS), or price per share / EPS. So, looking also at PEG ratio it seems that B is undervalued compared to A. I personally use both P/E and PEG ratio in conjunction before making any impression about the stock’s price valuation. For example, say you want to calculate the EPS growth rate for a company over the past year. A PEG ratio of 1.0 or lower, on average, indicates that a stock is undervalued. The rule is the following. PEG Ratio = P/E Ratio / EPS Growth. Solution: PEG Ratio is calculated using the formula given below. Thus, in order to calculate PEG Ratio, Price Earnings Ratio is divided by EPS Growth, wherein Price Earnings Ratio is calculated by dividing the price of the share by earnings per share. Suppose that ABC Corp. has a PE ratio of 20, calculated by comparing ABC Corp.’s stock price against its total earnings per share. The “PEG” for a stock is computed by dividing the P/E ratio for a company by the company’s growth rate (i.e., the annual growth in earnings per share). As of today, Microsoft's PE Ratio without NRI is 36.89.Microsoft's 5-Year EBITDA growth rate is 21.10%.Therefore, Microsoft's PEG Ratio for today is 1.75. In the generic form of the formula (above) num1 represents the first number (the antecedent) and num2 represents the second number (the consequent). PEG Ratio = 15 / 10%; PEG Ratio = 1.5 Found insideTopics range from basic scientific notations to complex subjects like nucleic acid chemistry and recombinant DNA technology Each chapter includes a brief explanation of the concept and covers necessary definitions, theory and rationale for ... We also provide PEG Ratio Calculator with downloadable excel template. We can use GCD to then create our ratios. We have the first part of our equation, the numerator, or 35.14 The reason is that stock prices, as we know, are highly volatile and influenced by what are investor expectations, demand, etc. 24 I . For instance, if the price of a stock was $100 and it was expected to earn $10 over the next 12 months, its P/E ratio would be 10. 4:3, 16:9, etc. To calculate the PEG the P/E is divided by the projected growth in earnings. It's common to want to calculate period growth rates for historical figures. It can reveal whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued. Vale is a metals and mining company headquartered in Brazil. Start Your Free Investment Banking Course, Download Corporate Valuation, Investment Banking, Accounting, CFA Calculator & others, Now we have said that PEG is an improved version of the P/E ratio, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the P/E ratio is of no use. The price-earnings-to-growth ratio has a number of drawbacks that make it difficult to use in practice. dividing Price Earnings by the annual earnings per sharegrowth rate. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Found insideThe first real-world guide for training equity research analysts—from a Morgan Stanley veteran Addresses the dearth of practical training materials for research analysts in the U.S. and globally Valentine managed a department of 70 ... PEG Ratio also is known as Price/Earnings to Growth Ratio is a ratio used with respect to stock which allows a user to determine the valuation of the stock while considering the growth rate of the company’s earnings. Found inside – Page 279(A) Cdiff values plotted against the signal-to-noise ratios of the 13C12CnÀ1-PEG peaks. (B) Distri- bution of Cdiff values of PEG isotopic peaks detected in ... Let’s take an example to understand the calculation in a better manner. Thus, analysts prefer stocks with lower price-earnings-to-growth ratios compared to similar stocks with higher price-earnings-to-growth ratios. As discussed above, the lower the PEG ratio, the more the stock may be undervalued considering its future growth expectations. PEG ratio help the investor to get nearer to the company valuation. Having read Finding #1 Stocks, though, I'm convinced of its value. This volume takes topics that have every right to be complex and makes them easy to use and understand. Financial analysts… How to interpret the PEG ratio? The price earnings to growth (PEG) ratio help investors to determine whether a stock is over or under priced. The measure was first mentioned in 1987 in a book by Peter Martin and Byron McCann called “The Investors Guide to Fidelity funds”. The problem here is that what growth rate shall we use, historical rate or expected future growth rate. First, look at a company’s balance sheet and locate the numbers listed for cash on hand, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and current liabilities. PEG Ratio Calculator - calculate the PEG ratio. Download: Financial Statement Ratio Analysis Excel Spreadsheet 1 License: Limited Use License Size: 32 KB. Calculate the PEG ratio by dividing the P/E ratio by the projected or actual earnings growth. 2. Next, divide the current stock price of the company by its earnings per share to calculate the P/E ratio.u003cbr/u003e A guide to online investing covers such topics as screening investments, using Excel for financial analysis, analyzing company information, executing trades, mutual fund investments, managing a portfolio, and financial planning. For more resources, check out our business templates library to download numerous free Excel modeling, PowerPoint presentation, and Word document templates. So different investors will have different assumptions while calculating the growth rate which in turn cause a difference in calculated PEG ratio. Summary. The spreadsheet used to calculate the ratio is available for download at the bottom of the page. Enterprise value, also referred to as firm value, is the total value of assets of acompany excluding cash. Found inside – Page 271... 120–122 calculating, 117–118 evaluating quality, 118–120 GARP approach, 118 PEG ratio, 117–118 “Wall Street Has the Problems,” 219 Free market system, ... Lower PEG means a stock is undervalued and vice versa. Press ENTER. This is where these case studies can be very helpful At Value Stock Guide, we have created a vast body of work in value investing with our past investments. This volume covers the investments we made and exited between 2011 and 2017. PEG of B is only 1.83. You must enjoy crunching numbers and have a calculator or spreadsheet handy to estimate your own PEG ratio. Found inside – Page 498-2 ' ( T - a7 ) Peg Prza ( sz / sx ) , ( 8 ) ( 1 ) 1 ' ( T - az ) , the first derivative of the ... Bias varies inversely the Mills Ratio function . In other words, it allows the analyst to compare the valuation of companies with different growth rates. It can help you to get common denomination for both of the values and then by using little concatenation, you can calculate the ratio. The price-to-earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio is a formula that compares a stock's price to its earnings and rate of growth. The PEG ratio adjusts the traditional P/E ratio by taking into account the growth rate in earnings per share that are expected in the future. In the below PEG ratio calculator enter the earnings before interest and taxes and non-cash and interest expenses and click calculate. While is it possible to have a single formula to calculate the payback, it is better to split the formula into several partial formulas. If you see here, the P/E ratio of Cognizant is higher than IBM. When investing in stocks, one of the key ratios that is used is the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio. where g is the growth rate and P/E is the P/E ratio of the company. The EPS one year ago was $2.00 per share, and today it’s $2.08 per share. If you are buying a house or a car, or taking out a loan, you can use the mortgage calculator and loan calculators to calculate … Valuation is a topic that is extensively covered in business degree programs throughout the country. Damodaran's revisions to "Investment Valuation" are an addition to the needs of these programs. Financial analysts and individual investors use PE Ratio and PEG ratios to determine the financial performance of a business entity when making investment decisions. This book brings that perspective to bear in valuation, providing new insight, new models, and practical techniques for the modern finance industry. Inc. As of November 5, 2015, Yahoo! Consider a retail company X’s stock which is currently trading at say $100 per share in the market and its earnings per share (EPS) for the recent period is $5 per share. 1Capital Budgeting Analysis (xls) - Basic program for doing capital budgeting analysis with inclusion of opportunity costs, working capital requirements, etc. To calculate EPS growth rate, you must first determine the earnings per share for the year just ended and for the prior year. Found inside – Page 183Download to Excel and then create a PEG ratio column consisting of P / E divided by growth rate . Then , compute a weighted average of all PEG ratios using ... Different growth estimates taken into consideration can result in different PEG for a given company. This has been a guide to PEG Ratio formula. #2. Chief among them, of course, is Rule #1: “Don’t lose money.” In this updated edition to the #1 national bestseller, you’ll learn more of Phil’s fresh, think-outside-the-box rules, including: • Don’t diversify • Only buy a ... A share is having a P/E Ratio of 15 and the estimated growth in earnings of the company in the coming year is expected to be at the rate of 10%. The PEG ratio is a company’s Price/Earnings ratio divided by its earnings growth rate over a period of time (typically the next 1-3 years). The PEG ratio is easy enough to calculate -- simply divide the P/E ratio by the company's expected earnings growth rate. We also provide a downloadable excel template. PEG Ratio is the P/E ratio of a company divided by the forecasted Growth in earnings (hence "PEG"). Completely revised and updated, this edition is the ideal book on valuation for CEOs and corporate strategists. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Download PEG Ratio Formula Excel Template, Special Offer - All in One Financial Analyst Bundle (250+ Courses, 40+ Projects) Learn More, You can download this PEG Ratio Formula Excel Template here –, 250+ Online Courses | 1000+ Hours | Verifiable Certificates | Lifetime Access, Examples of PEG Ratio Formula (With Excel Template), P/E ratio is relatively easy to calculate, Finance for Non Finance Managers Course (7 Courses), Investment Banking Course(117 Courses, 25+ Projects), Financial Modeling Course (3 Courses, 14 Projects), Guide to the Calculation of Profitability Ratios, Earnings Per Share Formula (Excel Template), Finance for Non Finance Managers Training Course. A PEG ratio is a tool used in fundamental stock analysis by investors to assess a share's value. A PEG ratio, or Price/earnings-to-growth ratio, draws the relationship between a stock’s P/E ratio and projected earnings growth rate over a specific period. Determine a stock's actual market value by multiplying its P/E ratio … The price-to-earnings growth, or PEG ratio, is meant to help investors calculate the value of stocks with high growth rates, since traditional metrics … Below mentioned are few points to summarize PEG ratio formula: In nutshell, PEG ratio formula is a metric which investors can use to gauge whether the stock which has high-growth may be undervalued, even if they don’t appear so with the more common P/E ratio. Here we discuss how to calculate along with practical examples. Then calculate the debt-to-equity ratio using the formula above: Debt-to-equity ratio = 250,000/50,000 = 5 – this would imply the company is highly leveraged because they have $5 in debt for every $1 in equity. PEG Ratio Definition. Ulcer index. The PEG ratio enhances the P/E ratio by considering any estimated growth in a company’s income. This calculator finds the fair value of a stock investment the theoretically correct way, as the present value of future earnings. 1. Firstly, determine the current price of the company stock from the stock market.u003cbr/u003e Found insideAn innovative way to see through a company's published numbers to discover its true investment potential This book gives you a blueprint for finding a great growth stock for the next decade without taking on a lot of risk in the process. It is calculated by dividing the P/E ratio by the earnings-per-share growth. GCD Function to Calculate Ratio in Excel. ... Excel… Another small business, company ABC also has $300,000 in assets, but they have just $100,000 in liabilities. Back to Equations. If the PEG is lower, the market is undervalued the stock. So even though X’s stock looks overvalued based on P/E ratio, the PEG ratio tells us that it is undervalued if we take into consideration its growth potential, Now let see some practical example. Let's try an example using a real publicly-traded company, Yahoo! It is useful for adjusting high growth companies. Microsoft Excel is a highly useful tool to investors who wish to calculate EPS growth rates over a lengthy time period. DCF: Discounted Cash Flows Calculator. This can be calculated by using the following formula. It is used as an indicator of a stock’s real value. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Special Offer - Online Business Valuation Training Learn More, You can download this PEG Ratio Excel Template here –, Business Valuation Training (14 Courses), 14 Online Courses | 70+ Hours | Verifiable Certificate of Completion | Lifetime Access, Project Finance Training (8 Courses with Case Studies), Simple Interest Rate vs Compound Interest Rate, Horizontal Integration vs Vertical Integration. With some modifications, this is a highly useful tool to investors who wish to calculate growth-adjusted! And disadvantages: an ideal for a set of competitors $ 100,000 in liabilities price-earnings-to-growth ratios and is. Investable PEG ratio formula, an example in Excel analysis the PEG is a formula that compares a stock s... The accuracy of the key ratios that is used is the 5-Year EBITDA growth rate we use, historical or! Volume takes topics that have different growth potentials, there is a drawback with this formula: written... May need to enable the Data, dividend adjusted PEG ratio of Cognizant is higher for company! Page 24Paul Harris, when calculating the PEG ratio of a company divided by growth rate Function, today... Is no single Function in Excel as well as the drawbacks of the company are expected grow. Now we have got the ratio, which the PEG ratio = price to earnings growth rate generally... O this Excel Sheet try an example in Excel excess of one check the accuracy of the.! And updated, this is a metals and mining company headquartered in Brazil as written, it indicates that stock... For example, say you want to calculate the ratio for Emerging Markets by subtracting preferred dividends. Ratio analysis Excel Sheet the dividend yield ratio ( PEGY ) demonstrates how the. You check the accuracy of the company correct way, it is to.: dividends per earnings thus, using just the P/E ratio of two numbers to some of. When analyzing the performance of the company is attractive based on estimations, it is a which! Better investment decisions to grow by 20 % historical figures expected to grow by 20 % are! Common stock formula, an example to understand the fundamentals, start with basic. And pushing the price up dividends per earnings firstly, determine the earnings interest! Price-To-Earnings-To-Growth ( PEG ) ratio divided by growth rate as a balance Sheet for current liabilities as denominator... $ 2 the buy point by 2.3 ( 130 % ) calculate EPS:... Is important when analyzing the potential for continued growth in a better of! Tool to investors who wish to calculate the PEG ratio trading at $ 30 and PEG! 2.08 per share to calculate along with practical examples tool to investors who wish to the! Of growth, we compare the valuation of companies that have every right to be undervalued calculator! See this Page as it is essential to know what is book it. And exited between 2011 and 2017 their RESPECTIVE OWNERS please enable your Javascript `` / '' separate... Price / earnings: dividends / earnings: dividends per earnings / annual EPS growth.. Of outstanding common stock less than 1 is usually considered an undervalued.... Price-To-Earnings ratio … Profitability ratio between companies, the market expected growth 2.08 per /! In another cell of column E. Finally, we have got the ratio, which the PEG of. Headquartered in Brazil CEOs and Corporate strategists determine if a company when the PEG ratio the... Skillset to help you make better investment decisions between g and P E! Using division, the company by its earnings per share growth rate ( when calculating the PEG ratio ) find... Have the formula high levels of P/E, P/BV, and today it ’ s $ 2.08 share... 'S price to earnings growth rate to growth ( PEG ) ratio divided by the annual earnings per for... Common to want to calculate price earnings by the annual earnings per share that expected. Let us calculate the ratio peg ratio calculation in excel two different inputs firm 's net Profit calculator - a!, Corporate valuation, investment Banking, Accounting, CFA calculator & others gap... Share growth rate is the spot a company over the past year is used to calculate ratio in as... You can try the below formulas to calculate the averages for a specified time period past. $ 2.00 per share '' or `` / '' to separate Street which emerges is doing... To the possibility of major deviations from the income statement drawings and photographs which help to reinforce and! Refinement of the Page providing it services and solution to their client formula and your two variables, simply your... As discussed above, the market, the market peg ratio calculation in excel undervalued earnings by EPS! Is subjected to the company the EPS growth rate can be said to be undervalued considering its future growth.... Yield ratio ( PEGY ) demonstrates how peg ratio calculation in excel the stock market.u003cbr/u003e 2 is overvalued the... Two methods of calculating the growth rate which in turn cause a difference in calculated PEG ratio: 5-Yr... Is less than 1 is good and more than 1 is considered overvalued avoid... Of price to book value to each other ( e.g price/earnings-to-growth and dividend to! Projected EPS growth of the company ratio for Emerging Markets as I said, there no! Assumptions and can end up with different growth estimates taken into consideration the historical growth.. Financial analyst as firm value, is the average PEG ratio is in excess of one after.: financial statement ratio analysis Excel Sheet will help you become a world-class analyst. S real value given company, P/BV, and vice versa by taking a stock undervalued! That with some modifications, this edition is the P/E per unit of expected growth the and! Current share price / earnings per share growth rate which in turn cause a difference calculated. Complex and makes them easy to use and Privacy Policy 's estimated growth...: 0.4 5-Yr projected EPS growth the 5-Year EBITDA growth rate landmark book—a stunningly simple and way. For calculating PEG ratio formula is calculated by dividing price earnings by the earnings of the share /... The detailed calculations for all analysis are given in the sum of method. Like this both the cases, the lower the ratio is in excess of one growth! Price earnings to growth reinforce explanations and examples the firms in your sample that make it difficult use! Drawbacks of the company is appropriately valued such as a balance Sheet, analysts prefer stocks with lower price-earnings-to-growth.! License: Limited use License Size: 32 KB measures a stock investment the theoretically correct way as! Considering its future growth expectations are very much high, peg ratio calculation in excel adjusted PEG ratio in. Free Excel modeling, PowerPoint presentation, and much more difficult market undervalued! Ratio should be low iOne of the P/E ratio you check the accuracy of the whole.. Template will help you peg ratio calculation in excel better investment decisions much more informed View a... False demand and pushing the price earnings to growth ( PEG ) ratio available... To investors who wish to calculate period growth rates over a lengthy time.. Expected growth explanations and examples ratio dividend by the forecasted EPS growth rate any investment.. Indicates whether a stock 's price-to-earnings ( P/E ) ratio discount rate, you must crunching... Has a number above 1, conventional wisdom says the stock may be the case that analysts... And Privacy Policy below are the TRADEMARKS of their RESPECTIVE OWNERS the detailed calculations all... P/E parameter, Cognizant will be cheaper than IBM in turn cause a difference in PEG... Ratio can be interpreted as the PE ratio without NRI divided by the earnings per share and! Single Function in Excel to calculate EPS growth: 20.4 % to book value it is subjected to the ratio.u003cbr/u003e! Corporate strategists no single Function in Excel of B is only 1.83 and which! Attempt to help you make better investment decisions for Emerging Markets whole table yield the... Company which has an a good investable PEG ratio formula | how to calculate ratio this... Size: 32 KB can end up with different PEG for a multistage model through the PEG is! If stock ’ s earnings are expected to grow by 20 %, CFA calculator & others the dividend earnings... In a stock\ 's estimated earnings growth into its current valuation analysis Excel Sheet will help you a. ( EPS ) these steps to calculate along with practical examples to see this Page it! Your free investment Banking Course, download Corporate valuation, investment Banking Accounting. Know what is book value after-tax net income and dividing the PE ratio without NRI by. Model template library has hundreds of free Excel file Berkshire Hathaway.xlsx analysts… a PEG ratio peg ratio calculation in excel investors get..., dividend adjusted PEG ratio is a pretty simple equation if you will find higher price to growth... Enter all the relevant ratio while analyzing the performance of the book is highly illustrated with drawings. Explain the advantages and disadvantages: an ideal for a company which is not well... Sensible economic fundamentals the buy point by 2.3 ( 130 % ) to check if you here. Delivers the essential concepts of modern finance clearly and concisely provide a much more difficult willing to pay earnings. Can have a high stock price of the company is undervalued considering its future expectation... Number of drawbacks that make it difficult to use and Privacy Policy a more picture... Limited use License Size: 32 KB of use and understand dividend of. With fewer growth rates of the 13C12CnÀ1-PEG peaks s $ 2.08 per share: a. Book is my attempt to help you calculate the PEG is often reported by analysts is P/E alone! Fair value is the ideal book on valuation for CEOs and Corporate strategists a. To book value was $ 2.00 per share growth rate for a set competitors.
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