[114] It argued that although Liu Bei sold straw-woven shoes and mats for a living when he was young, he was hardly the inventor of shoes. Liu Bei, originally known as Liu Jin, was Legend Hero Guan Yu who stars as the main protagonist of Legend Hero Samgugjeon. He served as Cao Cao's ears an eyes and want to conquer Yi province. Thus, Liu Bei broke with his supervisor Tian Kai for Tao Qian. Lu Xun held his position there and refused to engage the invaders. Knowing that his enemy was not expecting a sudden strike, Lu Xun ordered a counterattack and set fire to the Shu camps linked to each other by wooden fences. Then came the events of Dong Zhuo's reign and Liu Bei's brief office at Xu Province, but after a long period of wandering and with many followers behind him (with Cao Cao also in hot pursuit), Liu Bei after the Battle of Chibi eventually claims the city of Chengdu in Yi Province and becomes the Shu Emperor. Lu Zhi was from Zhuo Commandery, the same as Liu Bei. [64][65], Zhuge Liang, as Liu Bei's representative, followed Lu Su to meet Sun Quan at Chaisang County (柴桑縣; southwest of present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi), where they discussed the formation of a Sun–Liu alliance against Cao Cao. Both me and them were like "lips and teeth". And so we respectfully send lower officials to report this to the officials in charge." By the time Liu Bei heard news of Liu Cong's surrender, Cao Cao's army had already reached Wan. Before Liu Bei left, there was a farewell banquet and everyone was content. [77][78], Liu Bei led an expedition force of several ten thousands soldiers into Yi Province after leaving behind Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to guard Jing Province. [39], In 198, Lü Bu renewed his alliance with Yuan Shu to counter Cao Cao's growing influence and sent Gao Shun and Zhang Liao to attack Liu Bei at Xiaopei. Among them were Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun. "Liu Bei" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters, Battles of Red Cliffs and Jiangling (208-211). He gave the emperor the posthumous title of The Filial Commiserating Emperor (孝愍皇帝).[102]. You should sent a confidant of you as an envoy to the east and establish connections, promote the gains of this alliance and together we shall follow the same goal. He was regarded as a great statesman and strategist in the Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280). I'm not worried about me; but I'm worried about you and your brothers. Liu Bei and his army were aiding retreating peasants as they fled, and they were escorted by Liu Bei's army. However, Lu Bu didn't listen and even related the matter to Liu Bei. [25], At this time, a resident of Pingyuan, Liu Ping 劉平, had since long held Liu Bei in low esteem so he was ashamed at having to serve under him. Despite being the most trusted vassal of Liu Zhang, Wu Yi soon changed allegiance, Li Yan and Fei Guan were sent to help them at Mianzhu, but they surrendered to Liu Bei as well. After death, how could I face him! [9], In 175, when he was near his 15. With some report saying that the Han Emperor had been killed. Historically, Liu Bei, like many Han rulers, was greatly influenced by Laozi. Liu Bei accepted and joined him. What seem to be a good opportunity may present himself later. [10][11], The adolescent Liu Bei was said to be unenthusiastic in studying however he liked dogs and horse and displayed interest in hunting, music and dressing in fine clothing. And when Zhang Chun (張純) rebelled, the Qing Province was ordered by imperial decree to send an attendant official to lead an army to defeat Zhang Chun. Xu Jing, Mi Zhu and Jian Yong as his guests. Liu Bei's uncle Zijing (子敬) thought of Liu Bei's dream as foolish and that he would bring destruction to his house. However, his morals were said to be quite loose from various historical records. When they met the rebels in the landscape. For his weapons, Liu Bei possesses different types of robes he can wear. The time to establish merit and to accomplish affairs is today. [40][41], By 199, Cao Cao enjoyed a strong political advantage over his rivals because he had Emperor Xian and the Han central government firmly under his control. When they went out, they would ride in the same chariot and when they sat, it was on the same mat. After recruiting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei quickly befriended the strategist. Liu Bei was defeated at the Battle of Xiaoting and, having retreated to the city of Baidicheng, eventually died in 223. I was not a virtuous man; do not emulate me. Numerous studies such as, (先主姓劉，諱備，字玄德，涿郡涿縣人，漢景帝子中山靖王勝之後也。勝子貞，元狩六年封涿縣陸城亭侯，坐酎金失侯，因家焉。), (〈《典略》曰：備本臨邑侯枝屬也。〉先主祖雄，父弘，世仕州郡。雄舉孝廉，官至東郡範令。), (先主少孤，與母販履織蓆為業。舍東南角籬上有桑樹生高五丈餘，遙望見童童如小車蓋，往來者皆怪此樹非凡，或謂當出貴人。), (先主少時，與宗中諸小兒於樹下戲，言：「吾必當乘此羽葆蓋車。」叔父子敬謂曰：「汝勿妄語，滅吾門也！」), (年十五，母使行學，與同宗劉德然、遼西公孫瓚俱事故九江太守同郡盧植。德然父元起常資給先主，與德然等。元起妻曰：「各自一家，何能常爾邪！」起曰：「吾宗中有此兒，非常人也。」), (而瓚深與先主相友。瓚年長，先主以兄事之。先主不甚樂讀書，喜狗馬、音樂、美衣服。身長七尺五寸，垂手下膝，顧自見其耳。少語言，善下人，喜怒不形於色。好交結豪俠，年少爭附之。), (中山大商張世平、蘇雙等貲累千金，販馬周旋於涿郡，見而異之，乃多與之金財。先主由是得用合徒眾。), (〈典略曰：平原劉子平知備有武勇，時張純反叛，青州被詔，遣從事將兵討純，過平原，子平薦備於從事，遂與相隨，遇賊於野，備中創陽死，賊去後，故人以車載之，得免。後以軍功，為中山安喜尉。 〉), (督郵以公事到縣，先主求謁，不通，直入縛督郵，杖二百，解綬繫其頸着馬枊，〈五葬反。〉棄官亡命。), (〈典略曰：其後州郡被詔書，其有軍功為長吏者，當沙汰之，備疑在遣中。督郵至縣，當遣備，備素知之。聞督郵在傳舍，備欲求見督郵，督郵稱疾不肯見備，備恨之，因還治，將吏卒更詣傳舍，突入門，言「我被府君密教收督郵」 。遂就床縛之，將出到界，自解其綬以繫督郵頸，縛之著樹，鞭杖百餘下，欲殺之。督郵求哀，乃釋去之。〉), (頃之，大將軍何進遣都尉毌丘毅詣丹楊募兵，先主與俱行，至下邳遇賊，力戰有功，除為下密丞。復去官。後為高唐尉，遷為令。), (〈《英雄記》云：靈帝末年，備嘗在京師，後與曹公俱還沛國，募召合眾。會靈帝崩，天下大亂，備亦起軍從討董卓。〉), (為賊所破，往奔中郎將公孫瓚，瓚表為別部司馬，使與青州刺史田楷以拒冀州牧袁紹。數有戰功，試守平原令，後領平原相。), (〈《魏書》曰：劉平結客刺備，備不知而待客甚厚，客以狀語之而去。是時人民饑饉，屯聚鈔暴。備外禦寇難，內豐財施，士之下者，必與同席而坐，同簋而食，無所簡擇。眾多歸焉。〉), (袁紹攻公孫瓚，先主與田楷東屯齊。曹公征徐州，徐州牧陶謙遣使告急於田楷，楷與先主俱救之。時先主自有兵千餘人及幽州烏丸雜胡騎，又略得饑民數千人。), (謙病篤，謂別駕麋竺曰：「非劉備不能安此州也。」謙死，竺率州人迎先主，先主未敢當。), (下邳陳登謂先主曰：「今漢室陵遲，海內傾覆，立功立事，在於今日。彼州殷富，戶口百萬，欲屈使君撫臨州事。」先主曰：「袁公路近在壽春，此君四世五公，海內所歸，君可以州與之。」登曰：「公路驕豪，非治亂之主。今欲為使君合步騎十萬，上可以匡主濟民，成五霸之業，下可以割地守境，書功於竹帛。若使君不見聽許，登亦未敢聽使君也。」), (北海相孔融謂先主曰：「袁公路豈憂國忘家者邪？冢中枯骨，何足介意。今日之事，百姓與能，天與不取，悔不可追。」先主遂領徐州。), (獻帝春秋曰：陳登等遣使詣袁紹曰：「天降災沴，禍臻鄙州，州將殂殞，生民無主，恐懼奸雄一旦承隙，以貽盟主日昃之憂，輒共奉故平原相劉備府君以為宗主，永使百姓知有依歸。方今寇難縱橫，不遑釋甲，謹遣下吏奔告於執事。」紹答曰：「劉玄德弘雅有信義，今徐州樂戴之，誠副所望也。」), (袁術來攻先主，先主拒之於盱眙、淮陰。曹公表先主為鎮東將軍，封宜城亭侯，是歲建安元年也。), (先主與術相持經月，呂布乘虛襲下邳。下邳守將曹豹反，閒迎布。布虜先主妻子，先主轉軍海西。), (楊奉、韓暹寇徐、揚閒，先主邀擊，盡斬之。先主求和於呂布，布還其妻子。先主遣關羽守下邳。), (英雄記曰：備軍在廣陵，飢餓困踧，吏士大小自相噉食，窮餓侵逼，欲還小沛，遂使吏請降布。布令備還州，並勢擊術。具刺史車馬僮僕，發遣備妻子部曲家屬於泗水上，祖道相樂。), (魏書曰：諸將謂布曰：「備數反覆難養，宜早圖之。」布不聽，以狀語備。備心不安而求自託，使人說布，求屯小沛，布乃遣之。 〉復合兵得萬餘人。), (自出兵攻先主，先主敗走歸曹公。曹公厚遇之，以為豫州牧。將至沛收散卒，給其軍糧，益與兵使東擊布。), (呂布惡之，自出兵攻先主，先主敗走歸曹公。曹公厚遇之，以為豫州牧。將至沛收散卒，給其軍糧，益與兵使東擊布。布遣高順攻之，曹公遣夏侯惇往，不能救，為順所敗，復虜先主妻子送布。曹公自出東征，), (〈英雄記曰：建安三年春，布使人齎金欲詣河內買馬，為備兵所鈔。布由是遣中郎將高順、北地太守張遼等攻備。九月，遂破沛城，備單身走，獲其妻息。十月，曹公自征布，備於梁國界中與曹公相遇，遂隨公俱東征。〉助先主圍布於下邳，生禽布。先主復得妻子，從曹公還許。表先主為左將軍，禮之愈重，出則同輿，坐則同席。), (先主未出時，獻帝舅車騎將軍董承〈臣松之案：董承，漢靈帝母董太后之侄，於獻帝為丈人。蓋古無丈人之名，故謂之舅也。〉辭受帝衣帶中密詔，當誅曹公。先主未發。是時曹公從容謂先主曰：「今天下英雄，唯使君與操耳。本初之徒，不足數也。」先主方食，失匕箸。), (〈《華陽國志》云：於時正當雷震，備因謂操曰：「聖人云『迅雷風烈必變』，良有以也。一震之威，乃可至於此也！」〉遂與承及長水校尉種輯、將軍吳子蘭、王子服等同謀。會見使，未發。事覺，承等皆伏誅。 〈《獻帝起居注》曰：承等與備謀未發，而備出。承謂服曰：「郭多有數百兵，壞李傕數萬人，但足下與我同不耳！昔呂不韋之門，須子楚而後高，今吾與子由是也。」服曰：「惶懼不敢當，且兵又少。」承曰：「舉事訖，得曹公成兵，顧不足邪？」服曰：「今京師豈有所任乎？」承曰：「長水校尉種輯、議郎吳碩是我腹心辦事者。」遂定計。〉), (袁術欲經徐州北就袁紹，曹公遣先主督朱靈、路招要擊術。未至，術病死。先主據下邳。靈等還，先主乃殺徐州刺史車冑，留關羽守下邳，而身還小沛。), (〈《魏書》曰：是時，公方有急於官渡，乃分留諸將屯官渡，自勒精兵征備。備初謂公與大敵連，不得東，而候騎卒至，言曹公自來。備大驚，然猶未信。自將數十騎出望公軍，見麾旌，便棄眾而走。〉曹公盡收其眾，虜先主妻子，並禽關羽以歸。), (先主走青州。青州刺史袁譚，先主故茂才也，將步騎迎先主。先主隨譚到平原，譚馳使白紹。紹遣將道路奉迎，身去鄴二百里，與先主相見。), (曹公與袁紹相拒於官渡，汝南黃巾劉辟等叛曹公應紹。紹遣先主將兵與辟等略許下。關羽亡歸先主。曹公遣曹仁將兵擊先主，先主還紹軍，陰欲離紹，乃說紹南連荊州牧劉表。紹遣先主將本兵復至汝南，與賊龔都等合，眾數千人。曹公遣蔡陽擊之，為先主所殺。), (曹公既破紹，自南擊先主。先主遣麋竺、孫乾與劉表相聞，表自郊迎，以上賓禮待之，益其兵，使屯新野。荊州豪傑歸先主者日益多，表疑其心，陰禦之。), (使拒夏侯惇、于禁等於博望。久之，先主設伏兵，一旦自燒屯偽遁，惇等追之，為伏兵所破。), (九州春秋曰：備住荊州數年，嘗於表坐起至廁，見髀裡肉生，慨然流涕。還坐，表怪問備，備曰：「吾常身不離鞍，髀肉皆消。今不復騎，髀裡肉生。日月若馳，老將至矣，而功業不建，是以悲耳。」), (《世語》曰：備屯樊城，劉表禮焉，憚其為人，不甚信用。曾請備宴會，蒯越、蔡瑁欲因會取備，備覺之，偽如廁，潛遁出。所乘馬名的盧，騎的盧走，墮襄陽城西檀溪水中，溺不得出。備急曰：「的盧：今日厄矣，可努力！」的盧乃一踴三丈，遂得過，乘桴渡河，中流而追者至，以表意謝之，曰：「何去之速乎！」孫盛曰：此不然之言。備時羈旅，客主勢殊，若有此變，豈敢晏然終表之世而無釁故乎？此皆世俗妄說，非事實也。〉), (〈《漢晉春秋》曰：曹公自柳城還，表謂備曰：「不用君言，故為失此大會。」備曰：「今天下分裂，日尋干戈，事會之來，豈有終極乎？若能應之於後者，則此未足為恨也。」〉), (琮令宋忠詣備宣旨。是時曹公在宛，備乃大驚駭，謂忠曰：「卿諸人作事如此，不早相語，今禍至方告我，不亦太劇乎！」引刀向忠曰：「今斷卿頭，不足以解忿，亦恥大丈夫臨別復殺卿輩！」遣忠去，乃呼部曲議。或勸備劫將琮及荊州吏士徑南到江陵，備答曰：「劉荊州臨亡託我以孤遺，背信自濟，吾所不為，死何面目以見劉荊州乎！」〉), (過襄陽，諸葛亮說先主攻琮，荊州可有。先主曰：「吾不忍也。」〈孔衍《漢魏春秋》曰：劉琮乞降，不敢告備。備亦不知，久之乃覺，遣所親問琮。), (比到當陽，眾十餘萬，輜重數千兩，日行十餘里，別遣關羽乘船數百艘，使會江陵。或謂先主曰：「宜速行保江陵，今雖擁大眾，被甲者少，若曹公兵至，何以拒之？」先主曰：「夫濟大事必以人為本，今人歸吾，吾何忍棄去！」〈習鑿齒曰：先主雖顛沛險難而信義愈明，勢偪事危而言不失道。追景升之顧，則情感三軍；戀赴義之士，則甘與同敗。觀其所以結物情者，豈徒投醪撫寒含蓼問疾而已哉！其終濟大業，不亦宜乎！), (曹公以江陵有軍實，恐先主據之，乃釋輜重，輕軍到襄陽。聞先主已過，曹公將精騎五千急追之，一日一夜行三百餘里，及於當陽之長坂。先主棄妻子，與諸葛亮、張飛、趙雲等數十騎走，曹公大獲其人眾輜重。先主斜趨漢津，適與羽船會，得濟沔，遇表長子江夏太守琦眾萬餘人，與俱到夏口。), (〈《江表傳》曰：孫權遣魯肅弔劉表二子，並令與備相結。肅未至而曹公已濟漢津。肅故進前，與備相遇於當陽。因宣權旨，論天下事勢，致殷勤之意。且問備曰：「豫州今欲何至？」備曰：「與蒼梧太守〔吳巨〕有舊，欲往投之。」肅曰：「孫討虜聰明仁惠，敬賢禮士，江表英豪，咸歸附之，已據有六郡，兵精糧多，足以立事。今為君計，莫若遣腹心使自結於東，崇連和之好，共濟世業，而云欲投〔吳巨〕，〔巨〕是凡人，偏在遠郡，行將為人所併，豈足託乎？」備大喜，進住鄂縣，即遣諸葛亮隨肅詣孫權，結同盟誓。 〉), (與曹公戰於赤壁，大破之，焚其舟船。先主與吳軍水陸並進，追到南郡，時又疾疫，北軍多死，曹公引歸。), (先主表琦為荊州刺史，又南征四郡。武陵太守金旋、長沙太守韓玄、桂陽太守趙範、零陵太守劉度皆降。), (〈《三輔決錄注》曰：金旋字元機，京兆人，歷位黃門郎，漢陽太守，徵拜議郎，遷中郎將，領武陵太守，為備所攻劫死。子禕，事見《魏武本紀》。〉廬江雷緒率部曲數萬口稽顙。), (琦病死，羣下推先主為荊州牧，治公安。權稍畏之，進妹固好。先主至京見權，綢繆恩紀。, (〈《山陽公載記》曰：備還，謂左右曰：「孫車騎長上短下，其難為下，吾不可以再見之。」乃晝夜兼行。臣松之案：魏書載劉備與孫權語，與蜀志述諸葛亮與權語正同。劉備未破魏軍之前，尚未與孫權相見，不得有此說。故知蜀志為是。 〉), (〈《獻帝春秋》曰：孫權欲與備共取蜀，遣使報備曰：「米賊張魯居王巴、漢，為曹操耳目，規圖益州。劉璋不武，不能自守。若操得蜀，則荊州危矣。今欲先攻取璋，進討張魯，首尾相連，一統吳、楚，雖有十操，無所憂也。」), (荊州主簿殷觀進曰：「若為吳先驅，進未能克蜀，退為吳所乘，即事去矣。今但可然贊其伐蜀，而自說新據諸郡，未可興動，吳必不敢越我而獨取蜀。如此進退之計，可以收吳、蜀之利。」先主從之，權果輟計。遷觀為別駕從事。), (備欲自圖蜀，拒答不聽，曰：〉益州民富彊，土地險阻，劉璋雖弱，足以自守。張魯虛偽，未必盡忠於操。今暴師於蜀、漢，轉運於萬里，欲使戰克攻取，舉不失利，此吳起不能定其規，孫武不能善其事也。曹操雖有無君之心，而有奉主之名，議者見操失利於赤壁，謂其力屈，無復遠志也。今操三分天下已有其二，將欲飲馬於滄海，觀兵於吳會，何肯守此坐須老乎？今同盟無故自相攻伐，借樞於操，使敵承其隙，非長計也。), (〈權不聽，遣孫瑜率水軍住夏口。備不聽軍過，謂瑜曰：「汝欲取蜀，吾當被髮入山，不失信於天下也。」使關羽屯江陵，張飛屯秭歸，諸葛亮據南郡，備自住孱陵。權知備意，因召瑜還。〉), (十六年，益州牧劉璋遙聞曹公將遣鍾繇等向漢中討張魯，內懷恐懼。別駕從事蜀郡張松說璋曰：「曹公兵強無敵於天下，若因張魯之資以取蜀土，誰能御之者乎？」璋曰：「吾固憂之而未有計。」松曰：「劉豫州，使君之宗室而曹公之深讎也，善用兵，若使之討魯，魯必破。魯破，則益州強，曹公雖來，無能為也。」), (〈《吳書》曰：備前見張松，後得法正，皆厚以恩意接納，盡其殷勤之歡。因問蜀中闊狹，兵器府庫人馬眾寡，及諸要害道里遠近，松等具言之，又畫地圖山川處所，由是盡知益州虛實也。〉), (先主留諸葛亮、關羽等據荊州，將步卒數萬人入益州。至涪，璋自出迎，相見甚歡。張松令法正白先主，及謀臣龐統進說，便可於會所襲璋。先主曰：「此大事也，不可倉卒。」), (璋推先主行大司馬，領司隸校尉；先主亦推璋行鎮西大將軍，領益州牧。璋增先主兵，使擊張魯，又令督白水軍。先主並軍三萬餘人，車甲器械資貨甚盛。是歲，璋還成都。先主北到葭萌，未即討魯，厚樹恩德，以收眾心。), (明年，曹公徵孫權，權呼先主自救。先主遣使告璋曰：「曹公徵吳，吳憂危急。孫氏與孤本為脣齒，又樂進在青泥與關羽相拒，今不往救羽，進必大克，轉侵州界，其憂有甚於魯。魯自守之賊，不足慮也。」乃從璋求萬兵及資（寶），欲以東行。璋但許兵四千，其餘皆給半。), (〈《魏書》曰：備因激怒其眾曰：「吾為益州徵強敵，師徒勤瘁，不遑寧居；今積帑藏之財而吝於賞功，望士大夫為出死力戰，其可得乎！」〉), (張松書與先主及法正曰：「今大事垂可立，如何釋此去乎！」松兄廣漢太守肅，懼禍逮己，白璋發其謀。於是璋收斬松，嫌隙始構矣。 璋敕關戍諸將文書勿複關通先主。), (先主大怒，召璋白水軍督楊懷，責以無禮，斬之。乃使黃忠、卓膺勒兵向璋。先主徑至關中，質諸將並士卒妻子，引兵與忠、膺等進到涪，據其城。), (璋遣劉跂、冷苞、張任、鄧賢等拒先主於涪，皆破敗，退保綿竹。璋復遣李嚴督綿竹諸軍，嚴率眾降先主。先主軍益強，分遣諸將平下屬縣，諸葛亮、張飛、趙雲等將兵溯流定白帝、江州、江陽，惟關羽留鎮荊州。先主進軍圍雒；時璋子循守城，被攻且一年。), (城中尚有精兵三萬人，谷帛支一年，吏民咸欲死戰。璋言：「父子在州二十餘年，無恩德以加百姓。百姓攻戰三年，肌膏草野者，以璋故也，何心能安！」遂開城出降，群下莫不流涕。), (先主復領益州牧，諸葛亮為股肱，法正為謀主，關羽、張飛、馬超為爪牙，許靖、麋竺、簡雍為賓友。及董和、黃權、李嚴等本璋之所授用也，吳壹、費觀等又璋之婚親也，彭羕又璋之所排擯也，劉巴者宿昔之所忌恨也，皆處之顯任，盡其器能。有誌之士，無不競勸。), (二十年，孫權以先主已得益州，使使報欲得荊州。先主言：「須得涼州，當以荊州相與。」權忿之，乃遣呂蒙襲奪長沙、零陵、桂陽三郡。先主引兵五萬下公安，令關羽入益陽。是歲，曹公定漢中，張魯遁走巴西。先主聞之，與權連和，分荊州、江夏、長沙、桂陽東屬，南郡、零陵、武陵西屬，引軍還江州。), (曹公使夏侯淵、張郃屯漢中，數數犯暴巴界。先主令張飛進兵宕渠，與郃等戰於瓦口，破郃等，收兵還南鄭。先主亦還成都。), (二十四年春，自陽平南渡沔水，緣山稍前，於定軍山勢作營。淵將兵來爭其地。先主命黃忠乘高鼓譟攻之，大破淵軍，斬淵及曹公所署益州刺史趙顒等。), (曹公自長安舉眾南征。先主遙策之曰：「曹公雖來，無能為也，我必有漢川矣。」及曹公至，先主斂眾拒險，終不交鋒，積月不拔，亡者日多。夏，曹公果引軍還，先主遂有漢中。遣劉封、孟達、李平等攻申耽於上庸。), (秋，群下上先主為漢中王，表於漢帝曰：平西將軍都亭侯臣馬超、左將軍（領）長史鎮軍將軍臣許靖、營司馬臣龐羲、議曹從事中郎軍議中郎將臣射援、), (〈《三輔決錄注》曰：援字文雄，扶風人也。其先本姓謝，與北地諸謝同族。始祖謝服為將軍出征，天子以謝服非令名，改為射，子孫氏焉。兄堅，字文固，少有美名，闢公府為黃門侍郎。獻帝之初，三輔飢亂，堅去官，與弟援南入蜀依劉璋，璋以堅為長史。劉備代璋，以堅為廣漢、蜀郡太守。援亦少有名行，太尉皇甫嵩賢其才而以女妻之，丞相諸葛亮以援為祭酒，遷從事中郎，卒官。〉軍師將軍臣諸葛亮、蕩寇將軍漢壽亭侯臣關羽、徵虜將軍新亭侯臣張飛、征西將軍臣黃忠、鎮遠將軍臣賴恭、揚武將軍臣法正、興業將軍臣李嚴等一百二十人上言曰：昔唐堯至聖而四凶在朝，周成仁賢而四國作難，高後稱製而諸呂竊命，孝昭幼衝而上官逆謀，皆馮世寵，藉履國權，窮凶極亂，社稷幾危。非大舜、周公、硃虛、博陸，則不能流放禽討，安危定傾。伏惟陛下誕姿聖德，統理萬邦，而遭厄運不造之艱。董卓首難，盪覆京畿，曹操階禍，竊執天衡；皇后太子，鴆殺見害，剝亂天下，殘毀民物。久令陛下蒙塵憂厄，幽處虛邑。人神無主，遏絕王命，厭昧皇極，欲盜神器。左將軍領司隸校尉豫、荊、益三州牧宜城亭侯備，受朝爵秩，念在輸力，以殉國難。睹其機兆，赫然憤發，與車騎將軍董承同謀誅操，將安國家，克寧舊都。會承機事不密，令操遊魂得遂長惡，殘泯海內。臣等每懼王室大有閻樂之禍，小有定安之變，〈趙高使閻樂殺二世。王莽廢孺子以為定安公。〉夙夜惴惴，戰栗累息。昔在虞書，敦序九族，週監二代，封建同姓，詩著其義，歷載長久。漢興之初，割裂疆土，尊王子弟，是以卒折諸呂之難，而成太宗之基。臣等以備肺腑枝葉，宗子籓翰，心存國家，念在弭亂。自操破於漢中，海內英雄望風蟻附，而爵號不顯，九錫未加，非所以鎮衛社稷，光昭萬世也。奉辭在外，禮命斷絕。昔河西太守梁統等值漢中興，限於山河，位同權均，不能相率，咸推竇融以為元帥，卒立效績，摧破隗囂。今社稷之難，急於隴、蜀。操外吞天下，內殘群寮，朝廷有蕭牆之危，而禦侮未建，可為寒心。臣等輒依舊典，封備漢中王，拜大司馬，董齊六軍，糾合同盟，掃滅凶逆。以漢中、巴、蜀、廣漢、犍為為國，所署置依漢初諸侯王故典。夫權宜之製，苟利社稷，專之可也。然後功成事立，臣等退伏矯罪，雖死無恨。遂於沔陽設壇場，陳兵列眾，群臣陪位，讀奏訖，禦王冠於先主。先主上言漢帝曰：臣以具臣之才，荷上將之任，董督三軍，奉辭於外，不得掃除寇難，靖匡王室，久使陛下聖教陵遲，六合之內，否而未泰，惟憂反側，疢如疾首。曩者董卓造為亂階，自是之後，群凶縱橫，殘剝海內。賴陛下聖德威靈，人神同應，或忠義奮討，或上天降罰，暴逆並殪，以漸冰消。惟獨曹操，久未梟除，侵擅國權，恣心極亂。臣昔與車騎將軍董承圖謀討操，機事不密，承見陷害，臣播越失據，忠義不果。遂得使操窮凶極逆，主後戮殺，皇子鴆害。雖糾合同盟，念在奮力，懦弱不武，歷年未效。常恐殞沒，孤負國恩，寤寐永嘆，夕惕若厲。今臣群寮以為在昔虞書敦敘九族，庶明勵翼，〈鄭玄注曰：庶，眾也；勵，作也；敘，次序也。序九族而親之，以眾明作羽翼之臣也。〉五帝損益，此道不廢。週監二代，並建諸姬，實賴晉、鄭夾輔之福。高祖龍興，尊王子弟，大啟九國，卒斬諸呂，以安大宗。今操惡直醜正，寔繁有徒，包藏禍心，篡盜已顯。既宗室微弱，帝族無位，斟酌古式，依假權宜，上臣大司馬漢中王。臣伏自三省，受國厚恩，荷任一方，陳力未效，所獲已過，不宜復忝高位以重罪謗。群寮見逼，迫臣以義。臣退惟寇賊不梟，國難未已，宗廟傾危，社稷將墜，成臣憂責碎首之負。若應權通變，以寧靖聖朝，雖赴水火，所不得辭，敢慮常宜，以防後悔。輒順眾議，拜受印璽，以崇國威。仰惟爵號，位高寵厚，俯思報效，憂深責重，驚怖累息，如臨於谷。盡力輸誠，獎厲六師，率齊群義，應天順時，撲討凶逆，以寧社稷，以報萬分，謹拜章因驛上還所假左將軍、宜城亭侯印綬。), (二十五年，魏文帝稱尊號，改年曰黃初。或傳聞漢帝見害，先主乃發喪制服，追諡曰孝愍皇帝。是後在所並言眾瑞，日月相屬，故議郎陽泉侯劉豹、青衣侯向舉、偏將軍張裔、黃權、大司馬屬殷純、益州別駕從事趙莋、治中從事楊洪、從事祭酒何宗、議曹從事杜瓊、勸學從事張爽、尹默、譙周等上言：臣聞河圖、洛書，五經讖、緯，孔子所甄，驗應自遠。謹案洛書甄曜度曰：『赤三日德昌，九世會備，合為帝際。』洛書寶號命曰：『天度帝道備稱皇，以統握契，百成不敗。』洛書錄運期曰：『九侯七傑爭命民炊骸，道路籍籍履人頭，誰使主者玄且來。』孝經鉤命決錄曰：『帝三建九會備。』臣父群未亡時，言西南數有黃氣，直立數丈，見來積年，時時有景雲祥風，從璿璣下來應之，此為異瑞。又二十二年中，數有氣如旗，從西竟東，中天而行，圖、書曰『必有天子出其方』。加是年太白、熒惑、填星，常從歲星相追。近漢初興，五星從歲星謀；歲星主義，漢位在西，義之上方，故漢法常以歲星候人主。當有聖主起於此州，以致中興。時許帝尚存，故群下不敢漏言。頃者熒惑復追歲星，見在胃昴畢；昴畢為天綱，經曰『帝星處之，眾邪消亡』。聖諱豫睹，推揆期驗，符合數至，若此非一。臣聞聖王先天而天不違，後天而奉天時，故應際而生，與神合契。原大王應天順民，速即洪業，以寧海內。), (章武元年夏四月，大赦，改年。以諸葛亮為丞相，許靖為司徒。置百官，立宗廟，祫祭高皇帝以下。 〈臣松之以為先主雖雲出自孝景，而世數悠遠，昭穆難明，既紹漢祚，不知以何帝為元祖以立親廟。於時英賢作輔，儒生在宮，宗廟制度，必有憲章，而載記闕略，良可恨哉！〉五月，立皇后吳氏，子禪為皇太子。六月，以子永為魯王，理為梁王。), (車騎將軍張飛為其左右所害。初，先主忿孫權之襲關羽，將東征，秋七月，遂帥諸軍伐吳。孫權遣書請和，先主盛怒不許，吳將陸議、李異、劉阿等屯巫、秭歸；將軍吳班、馮習自巫攻破異等，軍次秭歸，武陵五谿蠻夷遣使請兵。), (二年春正月，先主軍還秭歸，將軍吳班、陳式水軍屯夷陵，夾江東西岸。二月，先主自秭歸率諸將進軍，緣山截嶺，於夷道猇亭〈猇，許交反。 〉駐營，自佷山〈佷，音恆。〉通武陵，遣侍中馬良安慰五谿蠻夷，咸相率響應。鎮北將軍黃權督江北諸軍，與吳軍相拒於夷陵道。夏六月，黃氣見自秭歸十餘里中，廣數十丈。後十餘日，陸議大破先主軍於猇亭，將軍馮習、張南等皆沒。先主自猇亭還秭歸，收合離散兵，遂棄船舫，由步道還魚復，改魚復縣曰永安。吳遣將軍李異、劉阿等踵躡先主軍，屯駐南山。秋八月，收兵還巫。), (司徒許靖卒。冬十月，詔丞相亮營南北郊於成都。孫權聞先主住白帝，甚懼，遣使請和。先主許之，遣太中大夫宗瑋報命。冬十二月，漢嘉太守黃元聞先主疾不豫，舉兵拒守。), (三年春二月，丞相亮自成都到永安。三月，黃元進兵攻臨邛縣。遣將軍陳曶〈音笏。〉討元，元軍敗，順流下江，為其親兵所縛，生致成都，斬之。先主病篤，託孤於丞相亮，尚書令李嚴為副。夏四月癸巳，先主殂於永安宮，時年六十三。), (〈諸葛亮集載先主遺詔敕後主曰：朕初疾但下痢耳，後轉雜他病，殆不自濟。人五十不稱夭，年已六十有餘，何所復恨，不復自傷，但以卿兄弟為念。射君到，說丞相嘆卿智量，甚大增脩，過於所望，審能如此，吾復何憂！勉之，勉之！勿以惡小而為之，勿以善小而不為。惟賢惟德，能服於人。汝父德薄，勿效之。可讀漢書、禮記，間暇歷觀諸子及六韜、商君書，益人意智。聞丞相為寫申、韓、管子、六韜一通已畢，未送，道亡，可自更求聞達。臨終時，呼魯王與語：「吾亡之後，汝兄弟父事丞相，令卿與丞相共事而已。」), (評曰：先主之弘毅寬厚，知人待士，蓋有高祖之風，英雄之器焉。及其舉國託孤於諸葛亮，而心神無貳，誠君臣之至公，古今之盛軌也。機權幹略，不逮魏武，是以基宇亦狹。然折而不撓，終不為下者，抑揆彼之量必不容己，非唯競利，且以避害雲爾。), Guan Yu was killed by Liu Bei's "ally" Sun Quan, early success, his army was soon blocked into a stalemate, Shu Han family trees § Liu Bei's ancestors, List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Three visits to the thatched cottage, List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Liu Bei's horse leaps across the Tan Stream, List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#Liu Bei and Lady Sun's marriage, Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon, "Sanguo zhi 32 (Shu 2): Biography of Liu Bei", "Liu Bei stats, skills, evolution, location | Puzzle & Dragons Database", Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_Bei&oldid=1002436543, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 13:06.

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