Step 3: Alkoxide ion 2 is protonated by water. O 2 + O - 2 H 2 O. O key reactions used, the aldol condensation, features the reaction of two carbonyl compounds to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.1 This reaction can be performed under acid- or base-catalyzed conditions, and usually results in the formation of an β,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. Step 4: Aldol 3 is an enolizable The base-catalyzed aldol reaction relies on the fact that a nucleophilic enolate ion (formed by alpha-deprotonation of a carbonyl The mechanism for the aldol condensation is as follows:2. Step-4: Step-3: Alkoxide ion 2 is protonated by water. Then this carbanion reacts with another carbonyl molecule to give the aldol … 2 Aldol condensations are reversible, forming equilibria. 2. The general base-catalysed reaction is shown in Scheme 1. Step-1: In reverse order, The hydroxide ion deprotonates the aldehyde. A base comes in yet again to grab a proton, as in step 4. At this point this is done under high heat. This is the "condensation" step in the overall second aldol condensation. Step-4: The aldol reaction as well as the dehydration are reversible. Aldol condensation is occurred only in carbonyl compounds which have a alpha hydrogen.Carbonyl compounds are aldehydes and ketones. eg: Mechanism: Step 1: The hydroxide ion deprotanates the aldehyde reversibly. An example of the type of base-catalyzed aldol condensation that you will perform is shown below. Mechanism of Aldol Condensation. Step 2: Enolate ion 1 adds to the unreacted aldehyde. Aldol-Condensation Mechanism: The aldol reaction represents one of the most powerful methods of carbon-carbon bond formation used in organic synthesis. Step-2: Here Enolate ion 1 adds to the unreacted aldehyde. The initial reaction product is a β-hydroxy aldehyde (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketone (ketol) 3. Ketones are harder to use in aldol condensations, they usually produce much smaller yields than aldehydes. One of the common examples for base-catalyzed aldol condensation is stated below in which catalyst generally used is hydroxide ion. This step concludes the second aldol addition that occurs during the second aldol condensation. The general base-catalysed reaction is shown in Scheme 1. The same dehydration-elimination of a hydroxide occurs, as in step 5. Step-1: In reverse order, The hydroxide ion deprotonates the aldehyde. The base-catalyzed aldol condensation, in which the catalyst is usually the hydroxide ion, is more common. key reactions used, the aldol condensation, features the reaction of two carbonyl compounds to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.1 This reaction can be performed under acid- or base-catalyzed conditions, and usually results in the formation of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. This video discusses the reaction mechanism of the base catalyzed aldol condensation followed dehydration reaction between acetaldehyde and acetone. In that case the entire process is also called aldol condensation. Step-3: Alkoxide ion 2 is protonated by water. The Aldol Reaction A useful carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction known as the Aldol Reaction or the Aldol Condensation is yet another example of electrophilic substitution at the alpha carbon in enols or enolate anions. A subsequent dehydration step can follow, to yield an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound 4. Acid catalyzed aldol condensation Base catalyzed aldol condensation. One of the common examples for base-catalyzed aldol condensation is stated below in which catalyst generally used is hydroxide ion. Step-2: Here Enolate ion 1 adds to the unreacted aldehyde. To drive an aldol reaction Aldol condensation of aldehydes and ketones, mechanism. Mechanism of Aldol Condensation. The aldol condensation is a reaction that is named based on the type of product formed when two aldehydes (or ketones), in the presence of dilute base, yields a molecule having both alcohol and aldehyde functional groups. These alpha hydrogen is acidic, therefore they are removed easily with bases (alkalis) and give carbanion. Three examples of the base-catalyzed aldol reaction are shown in the following diagram, and equivalent acid-catalyzed reactions also occur.

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